National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) Practice Exam

Cushing syndrome is characterized by excessive cortisol production, which can lead to a variety of physical changes throughout the body. One of the hallmark features of this condition is the redistribution of body fat, resulting in a distinctive appearance often referred to as a "buffalo torso." This fat accumulation primarily occurs around the trunk and can create a rounded face, sometimes described as a "moon face," and a thicker neck appearance.

The underlying mechanisms involve elevated levels of cortisol, which influence fat storage and metabolism, leading to the distinctive obesity pattern seen in Cushing syndrome. Additionally, patients may experience other symptoms such as hypertension, muscle weakness, and changes in skin texture.

In contrast, the other conditions listed do not typically present with this specific fat distribution pattern. Graves' disease is associated with hyperthyroidism and usually leads to weight loss rather than central obesity. Addison disease presents with adrenal insufficiency, fatigue, and weight loss. Hashimoto syndrome, an autoimmune thyroid condition, commonly results in hypothyroidism but does not cause the characteristic fat distribution associated with Cushing syndrome.